Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough, leading to high blood sugar levels. Managing it requires a combination of lifestyle changes and medication.
Pharmaconic can support patients with:
- Medication management
- Personalized blood sugar advice
- Help choosing the right monitoring devices
- Education on proper medication use
- Diet and exercise guidance
- Preventing or identifying complications early
Common Symptoms
- Frequent urination (polyuria)
- Increased thirst (polydipsia)
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing cuts and wounds
- Increased hunger (polyphagia)
- Numbness or tingling in hands or feet
- Unexplained weight loss
- Frequent infections
Prescription Medication Options
Metformin (Glucophage)
- First-line oral drug
- Decreases glucose production in the liver
- Improves insulin sensitivity
Sulfonylureas
- Examples: Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride
- Stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin
- Risk: May cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
- Examples: Pioglitazone (Actos), Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
- Improve insulin sensitivity
- Risk: Weight gain, heart failure concerns
DPP-4 Inhibitors
- Examples: Sitagliptin (Januvia), Linagliptin (Tradjenta), Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
- Increase insulin release, decrease glucagon
- Generally well-tolerated
SGLT2 Inhibitors
- Examples: Empagliflozin (Jardiance), Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
- Help the kidneys remove glucose through urine
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (Injectable or Oral)
- Examples: Semaglutide (Ozempic, Rybelsus), Liraglutide (Victoza), Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
- Mimic incretin hormones to boost insulin and reduce appetite
- Often help with weight loss
Insulin Therapy
- Basal (long-acting): Glargine (Lantus), Degludec (Tresiba)
- Bolus (short-acting): Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog)
Combination Medications
- Metformin + Sitagliptin (Janumet)
- Empagliflozin + Linagliptin (Glyxambi)
- Metformin + Pioglitazone (Actoplus Met)
Self Care Tips
- Eat a balanced, healthy diet
- Exercise regularly
- Monitor your blood sugar
- Take medications as prescribed
